Infertility in males is a common cause of childlessness. Male factors contribute to one-third to one-half of all infertility cases in couples. An accurate assessment of the male partner is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Up to 15% of couples are infertile, and in over a third of these cases, male infertility plays a role. Causes include low sperm production, abnormal sperm function, or blockages that prevent sperm delivery. Health issues, lifestyle, or medical conditions may also contribute.
The main sign of male infertility is the inability to conceive a child. However, some cases may include other symptoms caused by underlying medical conditions.
Diagnosis is essential before starting any costly treatment. Identifying the specific cause helps guide proper therapy.
These are used when sperm is not present in the semen. Sperm can be retrieved directly from the testicle or epididymis through minimally invasive procedures.
Antibiotic therapy may treat infections in the reproductive tract, though fertility may not always be restored.
Medications or counseling can improve fertility issues caused by erectile dysfunction or premature ejaculation.
Hormone replacement or medication is used when hormone imbalances cause infertility.
ART involves retrieving sperm through ejaculation or surgery and using it for intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
